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Bolas spider
A bolas spider is any of several species of orb-weaver spider that, instead of spinning the typical web, hunt by using a sticky 'capture blob' of silk on the end of a line, known as a 'bolas'. By swinging the bolas at flying male moths or moth flies nearby, the spider may snag its prey rather like a fisherman snagging a fish on a hook. Because of this, they are also called angling or fishing spiders (although the remotely related genus Dolomedes is also called a fishing spider). The prey is lured to the spider by the production of up to three pheromone-analogues.
==Description==
Bolas spiders are small nocturnal animals with oddly 'lumpy' abdomens. Females may grow up to 15 mm or 1/2", while the males, which are smaller, measure in at about 2 mm or 1/16". Several ''Mastophora'' species (e.g. ''M. cornigera'') look like bird droppings, which enables them to rest unnoticed at day in fairly exposed places. ''M. bisaccata'' resembles the shell of a snail that is abundant in the spider's habitat. While the bird dropping mimics rest on the upper surface of leaves, ''M. bisaccata'' rests on the undersides. If removed from the surface, ''Mastophora'' females produce a pungent odor, which is highly unusual for spiders (other than bolas spiders, only one species of ''Cyrtarachne'' is known to do this). They do not attempt to flee when handled. Some species of ''Cladomelea'' also rest exposed on leaves during the day. However, the Australian ''Ordgarius magnificus'', which displays eye spots on its back that make it resemble the moth they hunt, ties leaves together with silk to form a retreat. The females of some bolas spiders look remarkably like a bird dropping, thanks to their large, globular abdomen and brownish cephalothorax. This is a form of defensive mimicry as the animals that prey on spiders pay little attention to bird droppings.〔Piper, Ross (2007), ''Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals'', Greenwood Press.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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